In this review, we will outline the currently available knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of MgSO4 and its clinical usage for women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate, urine output and serum concentrations are the most commonly followed variables. Careful attention to the monitoring guidelines can prevent toxicity. Cardiac conduction is altered at greater than 7.5 mmol/L, and cardiac arrest can be expected when concentrations of magnesium exceed 12.5 mmol/L. Respiratory paralysis occurs at 5 to 6.5 mmol/L. The first warning of impending toxicity in the mother is loss of the patellar reflex at plasma concentrations between 3.5 and 5 mmol/L. Maternal toxicity is rare when MgSO4 is carefully administered and monitored. The actual magnesium dose and concentration needed for prophylaxis has never been estimated. A concentration of 1.8 to 3.0 mmol/L has been suggested for treatment of eclamptic convulsions. The clinical effect and toxicity of MgSO4 can be linked to its concentration in plasma. The pharmacokinetic profile of MgSO4 after intravenous administration can be described by a 2-compartment model with a rapid distribution (a) phase, followed by a relative slow beta phase of elimination. Magnesium is almost exclusively excreted in the urine, with 90% of the dose excreted during the first 24 hours after an intravenous infusion of MgSO4. In pregnant women, apparent volumes of distribution usually reach constant values between the third and fourth hours after administration, and range from 0.250 to 0.442 L/kg. Maintain calcium antidote in the patients room in a locked medication kit. The unbound magnesium ion diffuses into the extravascular-extracellular space, into bone, and across the placenta and fetal membranes and into the fetus and amniotic fluid. port to prevent accidental infusion and potential mag- nesium sulfate overdose. After administration, about 40% of plasma magnesium is protein bound. The intravenous regimen is given as a 4 g dose, followed by a maintenance infusion of 1 to 2 g/h by controlled infusion pump. The intramuscular regimen is most commonly a 4 g intravenous loading dose, immediately followed by 10 g intramuscularly and then by 5 g intramuscularly every 4 hours in alternating buttocks. It is usually given by either the intramuscular or intravenous routes. And as always happy nursing.Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the agent most commonly used for treatment of eclampsia and prophylaxis of eclampsia in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. So with these drugs, they should be separated if each are oral, but if one is given by IV and the other, not, then this interaction is not an issue It for magnesium sulfate or mgs oh four. When used orally magnesium sulfate, it can interact with fluroquinolone. And with this, we see things like respiratory depression, as well as a loss of deep tendon reflexes and decrease cardiac output. And it is important that the patient knows that magnesium toxicity can occur. So that is important in the event of an overdose. The antidote for magnesium sulfate is calcium glute. Be sure to monitor your patient's EKG, the rest respiratory rate, as well as of course, their magnesium levels use caution in patients who have renal insufficiency when administering magnesium sulfate, be sure that you are checking the dose with a secondary practitioner with IV doses. As an immediate measure (antidote), a slow intravenous calcium. Let's take a look at a few of the nursing considerations for magnesium sulfate. A dose reduction or discontinuation of the medicine leads to rapid resolution of side effects. Some of the side effects that we see with magnesium sulfate are things like hypotension, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and a decrease respiratory rate. We use magnesium sulfate for the treatment of hypomagnesemia hypertension, preterm labor for SOS asthma, and as an anti convulsant with eclampsia. So how does magnesium work? Well, magnesium plays a role in muscle. Okay guys, remember when we are talking about therapeutic class of a drug, we are talking about how it works in the body and for magnesium sulfate, this is a mineral and electrolyte replacement or supplement and for the pharmacologic class or the chemical effect of the drug for magnesium sulfate, this is a mineral and electrolyte. This is an injectable medication, as you can see here, and it also can be given orally. Hey guys, let's talk about magnesium sulfate also known as mgs oh four.
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